# Audio Processing - Modules

# Bass Management

#### Applicability

This description applies to the Surround and Immersive version of the Bass Management module.

#### Overview

Bass Management is a module for managing low-frequency content in an immersive monitoring setup. It can route low-frequency components from main channels to a subwoofer path and can also control how LFE content is filtered and reproduced.

#### Processing Principle

The module applies crossover filters to selected channels and controls how signal components are mixed into or out of the subwoofer path. The grouping parameter determines how channel controls are linked or separated.

#### Parameters

<div class="image-view-figure" id="bkmrk-screenshot-flexai-ba"><figure class="figure" style="width:900px;max-width:100%;margin:0 auto;">[![Bassmanagement](https://docs.junger.audio/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/scaled-1680-/3BvIumTgR5A56LXD-bassmanagement-png.png)](https://docs.junger.audio/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/scaled-1680-/3BvIumTgR5A56LXD-bassmanagement-png.png "Bild in voller Größe öffnen")  
</figure></div><div id="bkmrk-parameter-descriptio"><table style="width:100%;"><colgroup> <col style="width:33.333%;"></col> <col style="width:66.667%;"></col> </colgroup><thead><tr><td>Parameter

</td><td>Description

</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Linking

</td><td>Controls how channel parameters are linked for common operation.

</td></tr><tr><td>Crossover Filter Enable

</td><td>Enables or disables crossover filtering for a channel.

</td></tr><tr><td>Crossover Frequency

</td><td>Sets the crossover frequency for a channel.

</td></tr><tr><td>Crossover Slope

</td><td>Selects the crossover filter slope for a channel.

</td></tr><tr><td>Mix Channels into Sub

</td><td>Controls whether channel content is mixed into the subwoofer path.

</td></tr><tr><td>Mix Sub/LFE into Channel

</td><td>Controls whether subwoofer content is mixed back into a main channel path.

</td></tr><tr><td>Sub Mix Attenuation

</td><td>Adjusts attenuation for the subwoofer mix contribution.

</td></tr><tr><td>LFE Gain

</td><td>Adjusts the LFE channel level in the bass management path.

</td></tr><tr><td>LFE Low-pass Filter Enable

</td><td>Enables or disables low-pass filtering for the LFE path.

</td></tr><tr><td>LFE Low-pass Filter

</td><td>Sets the LFE low-pass filter behavior.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>#### Related Processors

- Monitoring Controller

# Compressor

#### Applicability

This description applies to the Stereo, Surround, and Immersive versions of the Compressor module.

#### Overview

Compressor is a module for reducing the dynamic range of a signal. It is used to control level variations and increase consistency before later loudness control or output processing stages.

#### Processing Principle

The module adjusts signal level according to the selected reference level, ratio, range, and processing profile. Grouping controls whether channels are processed together or independently. The upward compression principle follows the characteristics of the legendary "Jünger Compressors" from the late 1980s and 1990s.

#### Parameters

#### [![Compressor.png](https://docs.junger.audio/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/scaled-1680-/FtUylq9IyHXeuFzb-compressor-png.png)](https://docs.junger.audio/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/scaled-1680-/FtUylq9IyHXeuFzb-compressor-png.png)

<div id="bkmrk-parameter-descriptio"><table style="width:100%;"><colgroup> <col style="width:33.333%;"></col> <col style="width:66.667%;"></col> </colgroup><thead><tr><td>Parameter

</td><td>Description

</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Linking

</td><td>Controls how channels are linked in the sidechain for compression.

</td></tr><tr><td>Enable

</td><td>Enables or disables the compressor stage.

</td></tr><tr><td>Reference Level

</td><td>Sets the reference level used by the compressor. The reference level is the point where the compression response curve crosses with the linear response.

</td></tr><tr><td>Range

</td><td>Limits the maximum compression range. The range parameter works symmetrical (above and below reference level).

</td></tr><tr><td>Ratio

</td><td>Sets the amount of compression by the steepness of the response curve.

</td></tr><tr><td>Processing Profile

</td><td>Selects the compressor processing profile which represent the attack and release timings of the processor.

</td></tr><tr><td>Clear Processing History

</td><td>Clears the internal processing history when applied or when a preset is loaded.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>#### Related Processors

- FM Conditioner Channel Strip - Stereo
- Program Processing Channel Strip - Stereo
- Program Processing Channel Strip - Surround
- Program Processing Channel Strip - Immersive

# De-Esser

#### Applicability

This description applies to the Mono and Stereo versions of the De-Esser module.

#### Overview

De-Esser is a module for reducing excessive sibilance or harsh high-frequency components in speech and program material.

#### Processing Principle

The module detects signal energy in a selected frequency range and reduces it according to the configured filter and range settings. Grouping controls whether channels are processed together or independently.

#### Parameters

[![De-Esser.png](https://docs.junger.audio/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/scaled-1680-/sZY5RmVPdgBOert7-de-esser-png.png)](https://docs.junger.audio/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/scaled-1680-/sZY5RmVPdgBOert7-de-esser-png.png)

<div id="bkmrk-parameter-descriptio"><table style="width:100%;"><colgroup> <col style="width:33.333%;"></col> <col style="width:66.667%;"></col> </colgroup><thead><tr style="height:29.6333px;"><td style="height:29.6333px;">Parameter

</td><td style="height:29.6333px;">Description

</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr style="height:46.4333px;"><td style="height:46.4333px;">Linking

</td><td style="height:46.4333px;">Controls how channel parameters are linked and the sidechain is grouped for de-essing.

</td></tr><tr style="height:29.6333px;"><td style="height:29.6333px;">Enable

</td><td style="height:29.6333px;">Enables or disables the de-esser stage.

</td></tr><tr style="height:29.6333px;"><td style="height:29.6333px;">Frequency

</td><td style="height:29.6333px;">Sets the center or cutoff frequency used by the de-esser filter.

</td></tr><tr style="height:29.6333px;"><td style="height:29.6333px;">Range

</td><td style="height:29.6333px;">Limits the maximum amount of de-essing.

</td></tr><tr style="height:46.4333px;"><td style="height:46.4333px;">Q Factor

</td><td style="height:46.4333px;">Sets the quality (inverse bandwidth) or selectivity of the de-esser filter.

</td></tr><tr style="height:29.6333px;"><td style="height:29.6333px;">Filter Type

</td><td style="height:29.6333px;">Selects the filter type used for sibilance detection or reduction.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>## Related Processors

- FM Conditioner Channel Strip - Stereo
- Voice Processing Channel Strip - Mono
- Voice Processing Channel Strip - Stereo

# Delay

#### Applicability

This description applies to the 8-channel and 16-channel version of the Delay module.

#### Overview

Delay is a module for delaying audio signals for longer periods of time. It is used to compensate for timing differences between signal paths, devices, or audio and video paths. It's maximum delay time allows for compensating even longest delays caused by satellite links or similar applications.

#### Processing Principle

The module delays each signal path according to the configured coarse and fine delay values. Both values add up to the total delay time.

#### Parameters

[![Delay.png](https://docs.junger.audio/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/scaled-1680-/GxZuKiORtXSj6zdU-delay-png.png)](https://docs.junger.audio/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/scaled-1680-/GxZuKiORtXSj6zdU-delay-png.png)

<div id="bkmrk-parameter-descriptio"><table style="width:100%;"><colgroup> <col style="width:33.333%;"></col> <col style="width:66.667%;"></col> </colgroup><thead><tr><td>Parameter

</td><td>Description

</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Delay Coarse

</td><td>Sets the coarse delay amount in milliseconds.

</td></tr><tr><td>Delay Fine

</td><td>Sets the fine delay amount in samples.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>#### Related Processors

- Delay - 16 Ch
- Delay - 8 Ch

# Dolby® E Decoder

#### Applicability

This description applies to the Dolby® E decoding module used by the Dolby E Decoder and Dolby E Decoder + S-ADM Processors.

#### Overview

Dolby E Decoder is a module for decoding Dolby E encoded input signals into decoded PCM audio for downstream routing, processing, or rendering.

#### Processing Principle

The module decodes the incoming encoded signal to PCM audio. The version with an S-ADM output exposes program-related metadata information according to the configured program mapping and metadata settings and makes it available in the flexAI routing for further modification or transport.

#### Parameters

<div id="bkmrk-parameter-descriptio"><table style="width:100%;"><colgroup> <col style="width:33.333%;"></col> <col style="width:66.667%;"></col> </colgroup><thead><tr><td>Parameter

</td><td>Description

</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Program Channel Mapping

</td><td>Controls how decoded program channels are mapped to the output.

</td></tr><tr><td>Program Language

</td><td>Sets or displays the program language metadata.

</td></tr><tr><td>Program in Metadata

</td><td>Selects or identifies the program information contained in the metadata.

</td></tr><tr><td>Reset CRC Errors

</td><td>Resets the CRC error counter or error state when applied or when a preset is loaded.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>#### Related Processors

- Dolby® E Decoder
- Dolby® E Decoder + S-ADM

# Dolby® ED2 Encoder

#### Applicability

This description applies to the Dolby® ED2 Encoder module.

#### Overview

Dolby ED2 Encoder is a module for encoding audio and associated metadata into Dolby ED2 format.

#### Processing Principle

The module combines the audio input with the configured metadata to generate a Dolby ED2 encoded output. Dolby ED2 can hold up to 16 audio channels.

#### Parameters

<div id="bkmrk-parameter-descriptio"><table style="width:100%;"><colgroup> <col style="width:33.333%;"></col> <col style="width:66.667%;"></col> </colgroup><thead><tr><td>Parameter

</td><td>Description

</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Frame Rate

</td><td>Selects the video or transport frame rate used for encoding.

</td></tr><tr><td>Metadata Mode

</td><td>Selects how metadata is supplied to the encoder.

</td></tr><tr><td>Metadata XML

</td><td>Provides or displays XML metadata used by the encoder.

</td></tr><tr><td>S-ADM XML

</td><td>Provides or displays S-ADM XML metadata used by the encoder.

</td></tr><tr><td>Video Sync Shift Offset

</td><td>Sets the video synchronization offset used by the encoder.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>#### Related Processors

- Dolby® ED2 Encoder

# Downmix (5.1)

#### Applicability

This description applies to the downmix module used in several processors as an input format converter or as an inter-stage converter.

#### Overview

Downmix is a module typically used to derive a stereo program downmix from a 5.1 program path.

#### Processing Principle

The module mixes surround channels into a stereo output using center and surround mix levels. The overall output gain can be modified.

#### Parameters

[![Downmix_5-1.png](https://docs.junger.audio/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/scaled-1680-/dwHucEmfkoLXLSZH-downmix-5-1-png.png)](https://docs.junger.audio/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/scaled-1680-/dwHucEmfkoLXLSZH-downmix-5-1-png.png)

<div id="bkmrk-parameter-descriptio"><table style="width:100%;"><colgroup> <col style="width:33.333%;"></col> <col style="width:66.667%;"></col> </colgroup><thead><tr><td>Parameter

</td><td>Description

</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Center Mix Level

</td><td>Sets the contribution level of the center channel in the stereo downmix. When set to 0, the center signal will be mixed into both stereo output channels with no gain change.

</td></tr><tr><td>Surround Mix Level

</td><td>Sets the contribution level of the surround channels in the stereo downmix. LS is only mixed into L, while RS is only mixed into R. Cross mixing of both channels is not supported. When set to 0, the signals will be mixed into the stereo output channels with no gain change.

</td></tr><tr><td>Output Gain

</td><td>Adjusts the overall downmix output level.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>#### Related Processors

- Automixer - 5.1
- Voice Over Mixer - Main 5.1 + 2x Mono
- Other stereo processors with optional input downmix selected

# Downmix Matrix (12 ch)

#### Applicability

This description applies to the Downmix Matrix module used by the Downmix Matrix Processor.

#### Overview

Downmix Matrix is a module for matrix-based conversion from a higher-channel input format to a lower-channel output format. It provides input format selection, per-input contribution control, output gain, and limiter-related controls.

#### Processing Principle

The module maps input channels to output channels using destination assignments and destination gains. Additional (optional) input controls can adjust delay, gain, polarity, and mute state before the matrix contribution is applied.

#### Parameters

[![DownmixMatrix.png](https://docs.junger.audio/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/scaled-1680-/YV3y1r37G3OKuQFN-downmixmatrix-png.png)](https://docs.junger.audio/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/scaled-1680-/YV3y1r37G3OKuQFN-downmixmatrix-png.png)

<table id="bkmrk-parameter---input-an" style="width:100%;"><colgroup><col style="width:33.333%;"></col><col style="width:66.667%;"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><td>Parameter - Input and Matrix Routing

</td><td>Description

</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Input Format

</td><td>Selects the input channel format used by the matrix and deactivates unused input channels.

</td></tr><tr><td>Matrix

</td><td>Sets the mix gain or mute for each matrix connection.

</td></tr><tr><td>Limiter Threshold

</td><td>Sets the threshold used by the limiter stage in the matrix output path.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

#### Related Processors

- Downmix Matrix

# Dynamics

## Applicability

This description applies to the Mono and Stereo version of the Dynamics module.

Dynamics is used in the Voice Processing Channel Strip. In block diagrams and Processor layouts, the module may also appear as Advanced Dynamics or Dyn.

## Overview

Dynamics is a module for detailed dynamic range control of a voice signal. It combines compressor, expander, upward and downward compression, side-chain filtering, lookahead processing, and soft limiting in one processing stage.

The module is intended for speech and voice processing where dynamic control must be more detailed than a simple compressor or expander stage.

## Processing Principle

The module analyzes the signal level and applies gain changes according to the configured compression, expansion, and limiting settings. Downward compression reduces level differences above the selected threshold, while upward compression can raise lower-level signal components toward a reference level.

The expander stage can reduce low-level signal components, and the soft limiter can control peaks at the end of the dynamics stage. Side-chain filters can be used to shape the detector signal that controls the dynamics behavior.

## Parameters

[ ![Dynamics_1.png](https://docs.junger.audio/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/scaled-1680-/1TEgk2JhSJ3aZMc9-dynamics-1-png.png) ](https://docs.junger.audio/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/scaled-1680-/1TEgk2JhSJ3aZMc9-dynamics-1-png.png)

<div id="bkmrk-parameter---expander"><table style="width:100%;"><colgroup> <col style="width:33.333%;"></col> <col style="width:66.667%;"></col> </colgroup><thead><tr><th style="background:rgb(230,230,230);font-weight:bold;text-align:left;">Parameter - Expander

</th><th style="background:rgb(230,230,230);font-weight:bold;text-align:left;">Description

</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Expander Enable

</td><td>Enables or disables the expander stage.

</td></tr><tr><td>Expander Mode

</td><td>Selects the expander operating mode.

</td></tr><tr><td>Expander Threshold

</td><td>Sets the level below which expansion becomes active.

</td></tr><tr><td>Expander Ratio

</td><td>Sets the amount of expansion below the threshold.

</td></tr><tr><td>Expander Range

</td><td>Limits the maximum gain reduction applied by the expander.

</td></tr><tr><td>Expander Processing Profile

</td><td>Selects the processing profile for the expander.

</td></tr><tr><th style="background:rgb(230,230,230);font-weight:bold;text-align:left;">Parameter - Expander Side Chain Filter

</th><th style="background:rgb(230,230,230);font-weight:bold;text-align:left;">Description

</th></tr><tr><td>Expander Side-chain Filters Enable

</td><td>Enables or disables side-chain filtering for the expander.

</td></tr><tr><td>Expander Side-chain HPF Frequency

</td><td>Sets the high-pass filter frequency used in the expander side chain.

</td></tr><tr><td>Expander Side-chain LPF Frequency

</td><td>Sets the low-pass filter frequency used in the expander side chain.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>[ ![Dynamics_2.png](https://docs.junger.audio/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/scaled-1680-/gfGfgfCtWqU5JacZ-dynamics-2-png.png) ](https://docs.junger.audio/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/scaled-1680-/gfGfgfCtWqU5JacZ-dynamics-2-png.png)

<div id="bkmrk-parameter---compress"><table style="width:100%;"><colgroup> <col style="width:33.333%;"></col> <col style="width:66.667%;"></col> </colgroup><thead><tr><th style="background:rgb(230,230,230);font-weight:bold;text-align:left;">Parameter - Compressor

</th><th style="background:rgb(230,230,230);font-weight:bold;text-align:left;">Description

</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Compressor Enable

</td><td>Enables or disables the compressor stage.

</td></tr><tr><td>Compressor Type

</td><td>Selects the compressor operating type between a traditional downward compressor and the classic ‘Jünger style’ upward compressor.

</td></tr><tr><td>Compressor Mix Dry/Wet

</td><td>Sets the blend between the unprocessed and compressed signal.

</td></tr><tr><td>Compressor Make-up Mode

</td><td>Selects how make-up gain is applied after compression.

</td></tr><tr><td>Compressor Make-up Gain

</td><td>Adjusts the gain applied after compression.

</td></tr><tr><th style="background:rgb(230,230,230);font-weight:bold;text-align:left;">Parameter - Compressor Side Chain Filter

</th><th style="background:rgb(230,230,230);font-weight:bold;text-align:left;">Description

</th></tr><tr><td>Compressor Side-chain Filters Enable

</td><td>Enables or disables side-chain filtering for the compressor.

</td></tr><tr><td>Compressor Side-chain HPF Frequency

</td><td>Sets the high-pass filter frequency used in the compressor side chain.

</td></tr><tr><td>Compressor Side-chain LPF Frequency

</td><td>Sets the low-pass filter frequency used in the compressor side chain.

</td></tr><tr><th style="background:rgb(230,230,230);font-weight:bold;text-align:left;">Parameter - Upward Compressor

</th><th style="background:rgb(230,230,230);font-weight:bold;text-align:left;">Description

</th></tr><tr><td>Upward Compressor Reference Level

</td><td>Sets the reference level used by the compressor. The reference level is the point where the compression response curve crosses with the linear response.

</td></tr><tr><td>Upward Compressor Range

</td><td>Limits the maximum compression range. The range parameter works symmetrical (above and below reference level).

</td></tr><tr><td>Upward Compressor Ratio

</td><td>Sets the amount of compression by the steepness of the response curve.

</td></tr><tr><td>Upward Compressor Processing Profile

</td><td>Selects the compressor processing profile which represent the attack and release timings of the processor.

</td></tr><tr><th style="background:rgb(230,230,230);font-weight:bold;text-align:left;">Parameter - Downward Compressor

</th><th style="background:rgb(230,230,230);font-weight:bold;text-align:left;">Description

</th></tr><tr><td>Downward Compressor Threshold

</td><td>Sets the level above which downward compression becomes active.

</td></tr><tr><td>Downward Compressor Ratio

</td><td>Sets the amount of gain reduction above the threshold.

</td></tr><tr><td>Downward Compressor Knee

</td><td>Controls the transition around the compression threshold.

</td></tr><tr><td>Downward Compressor Processing Profile

</td><td>Selects the processing profile for the downward compressor.

</td></tr><tr><td>Downward Compressor Attack

</td><td>Sets how quickly gain reduction reacts to level increases.

</td></tr><tr><td>Downward Compressor Release

</td><td>Sets how quickly gain reduction recovers after the signal falls back.

</td></tr><tr><td>Downward Compressor Detector Speed

</td><td>Sets the detector response used by the downward compressor.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>[ ![Dynamics_3.png](https://docs.junger.audio/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/scaled-1680-/Stje2MVbbEot8DGr-dynamics-3-png.png) ](https://docs.junger.audio/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/scaled-1680-/Stje2MVbbEot8DGr-dynamics-3-png.png)

<div id="bkmrk-parameter---limiter-"><table style="width:100%;"><colgroup> <col style="width:33.333%;"></col> <col style="width:66.667%;"></col> </colgroup><thead><tr><th style="background:rgb(230,230,230);font-weight:bold;text-align:left;">Parameter - Limiter

</th><th style="background:rgb(230,230,230);font-weight:bold;text-align:left;">Description

</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Enable Soft Limiter Enable

</td><td>Enables or disables the soft limiter stage.

</td></tr><tr><td>Soft Limiter Threshold

</td><td>Sets the level at which the soft limiter becomes active.

</td></tr><tr><td>Soft Limiter Knee

</td><td>Controls the response curve’s transition into soft limiting.

</td></tr><tr><td>Soft Limiter Processing Profile

</td><td>Selects the processing profile for the soft limiter.

</td></tr><tr><td>Soft Limiter Transient Mode

</td><td>Selects the transient behavior used by the soft limiter. Transient mode speeds up attack to catch transients more efficiently.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>## Related Processors

- Voice Processing Channel Strip

# Equalizer

#### Applicability

This description applies to the Mono, Stereo, Surround, and Immersive versions of the Equalizer module.

#### Overview

Equalizer is a module for adjusting the frequency response of the signal. It provides multiple filter bands that can be used for tonal correction, sound shaping, or compensation.

#### Processing Principle

Each EQ band applies the selected filter type at the configured frequency, gain, and Q factor. Grouping controls whether channels are adjusted together or independently. The control window of the Equalizer can be switched between Graph View and Grid View. The parameters for filter control are the same.

#### Parameters

[![EQ.png](https://docs.junger.audio/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/scaled-1680-/Mbc7GhkNocVLNWGt-eq-png.png)](https://docs.junger.audio/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/scaled-1680-/Mbc7GhkNocVLNWGt-eq-png.png)

<table id="bkmrk-parameter---general-" style="width:100%;"><colgroup> <col style="width:33.333%;"></col> <col style="width:66.667%;"></col> </colgroup><thead><tr><th style="background:rgb(230,230,230);font-weight:bold;text-align:left;">Parameter - General

</th><th style="background:rgb(230,230,230);font-weight:bold;text-align:left;">Description

</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Enable

</td><td>Enables or disables the equalizer stage.

</td></tr><tr><td>Linking

</td><td>Controls how channel parameters are linked for filter adjustments.

</td></tr><tr><td>Filter Types

</td><td>Peak 1 (wider bell curve), Peak 2 (narrower bell type), Lo Shelf (low shelf filter with no resonance), Hi Shelf (high shelf filter with no resonance), Lo Cut (12 dB/octave high-pass), Hi Cut (12 dB/octave low-pass).

</td></tr><tr><th style="background:rgb(230,230,230);font-weight:bold;text-align:left;">Parameter - Equalizer Bands

</th><th style="background:rgb(230,230,230);font-weight:bold;text-align:left;">Description

</th></tr><tr><td>Band 1 Filter Type

</td><td>Selects the filter type for band 1.

</td></tr><tr><td>Band 1 Frequency

</td><td>Sets the operating frequency for band 1.

</td></tr><tr><td>Band 1 Gain

</td><td>Adjusts the gain for band 1.

</td></tr><tr><td>Band 1 Q Factor

</td><td>Sets the quality (inverse bandwidth) or selectivity for band 1.

</td></tr><tr><td>Band 2 Filter Type

</td><td>Selects the filter type for band 2.

</td></tr><tr><td>Band 2 Frequency

</td><td>Sets the operating frequency for band 2.

</td></tr><tr><td>Band 2 Gain

</td><td>Adjusts the gain for band 2.

</td></tr><tr><td>Band 2 Q Factor

</td><td>Sets the quality (inverse bandwidth) or selectivity for band 2.

</td></tr><tr><td>Band 3 Filter Type

</td><td>Selects the filter type for band 3.

</td></tr><tr><td>Band 3 Frequency

</td><td>Sets the operating frequency for band 3.

</td></tr><tr><td>Band 3 Gain

</td><td>Adjusts the gain for band 3.

</td></tr><tr><td>Band 3 Q Factor

</td><td>Sets the quality (inverse bandwidth) or selectivity for band 3.

</td></tr><tr><td>Band 4 Filter Type

</td><td>Selects the filter type for band 4.

</td></tr><tr><td>Band 4 Frequency

</td><td>Sets the operating frequency for band 4.

</td></tr><tr><td>Band 4 Gain

</td><td>Adjusts the gain for band 4.

</td></tr><tr><td>Band 4 Q Factor

</td><td>Sets the quality (inverse bandwidth) or selectivity for band 4.

</td></tr><tr><td>Band 5 Filter Type

</td><td>Selects the filter type for band 5.

</td></tr><tr><td>Band 5 Frequency

</td><td>Sets the operating frequency for band 5.

</td></tr><tr><td>Band 5 Gain

</td><td>Adjusts the gain for band 5.

</td></tr><tr><td>Band 5 Q Factor

</td><td>Sets the quality (inverse bandwidth) or selectivity for band 5.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

#### Related Processors

- Automixer - 5.1
- Automixer - Stereo
- FM Conditioner Channel Strip - Stereo
- Monitoring Controller - 7.1.4
- Program + Spectral Processing Channel Strip - 5.1
- Program + Spectral Processing Channel Strip - Stereo
- Program Processing Channel Strip - 7.1.4
- Program Processing Channel Strip - 7.1.4 (+Upmix)
- Voice Processing Channel Strip - Mono
- Voice Processing Channel Strip - Stereo

# Expander

#### Applicability

This description applies to the Stereo, Surround, and Immersive versions of the Expander module.

#### Overview

Expander is a module for reducing low-level signal components (downward expansion). It can be used to reduce background noise, ambience, or unwanted low-level content before compression and loudness processing. A gating mode (full cut) is available.

#### Processing Principle

The module applies gain reduction when the signal falls below the configured threshold. The range parameter limits the maximum amount of reduction, and the processing profile controls the response behavior. In gate mode the level gets fully cut.

#### Parameters

[![Expander.png](https://docs.junger.audio/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/scaled-1680-/DH9u9dzBj5qqOcsT-expander-png.png)](https://docs.junger.audio/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/scaled-1680-/DH9u9dzBj5qqOcsT-expander-png.png)

<table id="bkmrk-parameter-descriptio" style="width:100%;"><colgroup><col style="width:33.333%;"></col><col style="width:66.667%;"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><td>Parameter

</td><td>Description

</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Linking

</td><td>Controls how channel paramters are linked and the side chain audio is grouped for expansion.

</td></tr><tr><td>Enable

</td><td>Enables or disables the expander stage.

</td></tr><tr><td>Threshold

</td><td>Sets the level below which expansion becomes active.

</td></tr><tr><td>Range

</td><td>Limits the maximum gain reduction applied by the expander. In gate mode the level gets fully cut.

</td></tr><tr><td>Processing Profile

</td><td>Selects the expander processing profile. The profile represent faster or slower timing reaction.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

#### Related Processors

- FM ConditionerChannel Strip - Stereo
- Program Processing Channel Strip - 5.1
- Program Processing Channel Strip - Stereo
- Program Processing Channel Strip - 7.1.4
- Program Processing Channel Strip - 7.1.4 (+Upmix)

# Fail Over

#### Applicability

This description applies to the fail-over modules used in stereo program inputs of several Processors when the Upmix option is not available.

#### Overview

Fail Over is a module for switching from a primary source to a backup or alternate source when the selected failure conditions are met.

#### Processing Principle

The module monitors the signal according to the selected mode, side-chain filter, threshold, and wait time. When the failure condition persists long enough, the module switches to the alternate path. The return behavior controls how the module switches back when the original source becomes valid again.

#### Parameters

[![FailOver.png](https://docs.junger.audio/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/scaled-1680-/QZ1DX8a8BwTg3ilQ-failover-png.png)](https://docs.junger.audio/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/scaled-1680-/QZ1DX8a8BwTg3ilQ-failover-png.png)

<table id="bkmrk-parameter-descriptio" style="width:100%;"><colgroup><col style="width:33.333%;"></col><col style="width:66.667%;"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><td>Parameter

</td><td>Description

</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Input Detection

</td><td>Shows signal action separately for both inputs.

</td></tr><tr><td>Active Input

</td><td>Shows the selected input.

</td></tr><tr><td>Mode

</td><td>Selects the fail-over operating mode. It can be used to set the fail over as a static switch. In auto mode it can be used which of the two inputs is used as a primary (main) source.

</td></tr><tr><td>Auto Dual Mono

</td><td>Controls automatic dual-mono handling. Dual Mono will copy the missing left or right input channel onto the respective channel to achieve dual mono operation in case of missing stereo.

</td></tr><tr><td>Fail Threshold

</td><td>Sets the signal threshold level used to detect a failure condition.

</td></tr><tr><td>Fail Wait

</td><td>Sets how long the fail condition must persist before switching.

</td></tr><tr><td>Fail Return

</td><td>Controls the wait time before the module returns to the primary source after recovery.

</td></tr><tr><td>Side-chain Filter

</td><td>Selects or enables filtering for the signal used to detect failure conditions. It can be used to remove for example 50 Hz or 60 Hz humming from keeping the fail over from switching channels.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

#### Related Processors

- Automixer - Stereo
- FM Conditioner Channel Strip - Stereo
- Fail Over - Stereo (+Conditioner)
- Program Processing Channel Strip - Stereo

# FM Conditioner

#### Applicability

This description applies to the Stereo version of the FM Conditioner module.

#### Overview

FM Conditioner is a module for preparing a stereo program signal for FM transmission-related workflows. It includes operating level, pre-emphasis, low-pass filtering, true peak limiting, and MPX-related controls.

#### Processing Principle

The module conditions the stereo signal according to FM-related level and deviation targets. It can apply pre-emphasis limiting, true-peak limiting, and control the MPX output.

### "A Cool Setup Guide To Optimized Deviation"

FM radio broadcast is not only about audio. Instead the signal consists of different services that share the ‘space’ available on the FM carrier. A typical stereo radio signal spectrum may look like this

<figure id="bkmrk-typical-fm-modulatio">[![FM-Conditioner_Spectrum.png](https://docs.junger.audio/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/scaled-1680-/CYMnXvHOk2vFnoIa-fm-conditioner-spectrum-png.png)](https://docs.junger.audio/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/scaled-1680-/CYMnXvHOk2vFnoIa-fm-conditioner-spectrum-png.png)![](https://files.document360.io/57e3cd80-d493-453c-9672-ad1b043dadc3/Images/Documentation/fm-conditioner_spectrum.png)<figcaption>**Typical FM modulation spectrum**

</figcaption></figure>- Mono audio signal (M=L+R) - 30 Hz to 15 kHz base band
- Stereo pilot tone at 19 kHz - approximately 9 % of 75 kHz deviation
- Stereo audio signal (S=L-R) - 30 Hz to 15 kHz base band
- DSB-SC carrier - Double-sideband suppressed carrier
- RDS signal - Radio Data Signal at 1 187,5 Bit/s
- DARC signal - Data Radio Channel at about 16 000 Bit/s
- SCA signal - 14 kHz (narrow) or 26 kHz (wide) bandwidth for auxiliary audio services

To calculate the overall MPX Power the power spectrum of all consisting signals needs to be considered.

Please note that within the FM Conditioner Web UI, only RDS and SCA Deviation can be set as additional services. As SCA and DARC normally cannot be used simultaneously due to their overlapping frequency bands, the SCA Deviation parameter can also be used for DARC. To calculate the overall deviation, all of the services in use must be taken into account to ensure that they do not exceed the modulation limits defined by the ITU (as shown below). After setup, this process happens internally and is not a concern for the FM Conditioner user.

When dealing with processing for FM broadcast, four main parameters come into focus:

- Deviation Δf of the transmission frequency (carrier) fc
- MPX Power of the modulating signal (modulator)
- Pre-Emphasis to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of FM transmission
- Baseband bandwidth of all involved services (audio signals and auxiliary data)

#### ITU-R BS.412

ITU-R BS.412 has standardized the maximum values for these parameters. Broadcasters must comply with these limits to not exceed the planned coverage or interfere with adjacent programs. They are:

- Maximum peak deviation of +75 kHz
- Maximum MPX Power of 0 dBr
- A typical audio baseband cutoff at 15 kHz to ensure undisturbed transmission of the 19 kHz stereo pilot tone
- For mono operation a typical audio baseband bandwidth of 17.5 kHz is utilized (no pilot tone is necessary)

#### Calibration

MPX Power is measured at random intervals of 60 seconds. An MPX Power level of 0 dBr should be equivalent to the modulation power of a stationary sine signal that induces a deviation of +19 kHz. A stimulus frequency of 500 Hz is recommended.

The tasks required to comply with this rule may sound 'simple' on the surface: take your pocket power measurement instrument, connect it to your readily accessible reference antenna, tune it to your transmitter, and take measurements. Then, adjust the relevant audio parameters if necessary. However, as this approach is not applicable for studio equipment, we must calculate MPX Power before modulation and then translate it to the studio output. To ensure precise calculations, all technical equipment must be gain-matched and calibrated.

<figure id="bkmrk-relation-of-audio-le">![](https://files.document360.io/57e3cd80-d493-453c-9672-ad1b043dadc3/Images/Documentation/fm-conditioner_calibration_diag-2.png)[![FM-Conditioner_Calibration_Diag-2.png](https://docs.junger.audio/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/scaled-1680-/mGIYKWbbnpwZ9Zhi-fm-conditioner-calibration-diag-2-png.png)](https://docs.junger.audio/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/scaled-1680-/mGIYKWbbnpwZ9Zhi-fm-conditioner-calibration-diag-2-png.png)<figcaption>**Relation of audio levels and modulation deviation during calibration**

</figcaption></figure>The crucial step in calibration is setting the Operating Level. A stationary sine signal at this level should induce a 40 kHz deviation in the FM carrier. If the input level (at the FM HPA or uplink line) for this reference modulation is known, simply configure the Operating Level in the FM Conditioner accordingly. This is applicable in most installations.

In many stations, the reference level for a 500 Hz tone is +6 dBu (analog) or -9 dBFS (digital). It may be designated as the operating level and defined at 0 dB relative (as displayed on a peak level meter). However, please exercise caution with this type of reference level scale, as this analog operating level of 0 dBr is not the same as 0 dBr MPX Power.

If the reference modulation is unknown, you need to apply a sine test tone and measure the frequency deviation of the FM carrier over the air. Start with a generator level of -9 dBFS and adjust this value until you achieve a 40 kHz deviation. It's important to note that any processing in the signal chain between the generator and FM HPA must be bypassed during calibration. The calibration process should be carried out without considering any processing, additional services, or pilot signals.

If the Reference Level of your setup differs from -9 dBFS, you can use the Setup Gain of the FM Conditioner for level matching.

The second step of calibration involves configuring the values for the Pilot Tone, RDS, and SCA (DARC) Deviation. The required values depend on the settings of the respective encoders. Please refer to their manuals.

After completing the calibration process, the FM Conditioner will display the available audio headroom.

Here is an example with an assumed deviation of ~ 12 % of 75 kHz for the extra services:

**20\*log (75 kHz – 8.8 kHz) / 40 kHz = 4,4 dB**

**Or -4.6 dBFS**

#### Operation

All calculation is performed internally and updates automatically whenever any of the involved parameters change. The resulting value is referred to as the 'Ceiling.' It's essential to understand that the Ceiling is calculated with the Pre-Emphasis filtering of the FM transmitter included. Therefore, the wideband true peak level of the audio signal before Pre-Emphasis must be lower. To better grasp this concept, you can refer to the level relation diagram:

<figure id="bkmrk-relation-of-audio-le-1">[![FM-Conditioner_Operation_Diag.png](https://docs.junger.audio/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/scaled-1680-/WtnHyy2dGFbqsuEd-fm-conditioner-operation-diag-png.png)](https://docs.junger.audio/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/scaled-1680-/WtnHyy2dGFbqsuEd-fm-conditioner-operation-diag-png.png)![](https://files.document360.io/57e3cd80-d493-453c-9672-ad1b043dadc3/Images/Documentation/fm-conditioner_operation_diag.png)<figcaption>**Relation of audio levels and modulation deviation in operation**

</figcaption></figure>#### Pre-Emphasis

Pre-Emphasis is a filtering system in which higher frequencies are boosted by a shelving filter at the transmission stage and conversely reduced at the receiver end. The Pre-Emphasis filter employs a time constant of 50 µs (or 75 µs in the USA), resulting in a 10 dB gain at 10 kHz. This process significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratio. However, as the increased high-frequency energy contributes to the MPX Power, it must be taken into account within the FM Conditioner.

There are two mechanisms to manage Pre-Emphasis. First, a Pre-Emphasis Headroom parameter reduces the maximum wideband level by lowering the true peak limiter threshold. This results in lower overall audio levels but enhanced high-frequency transparency. Second, a process called Pre-Emphasis Limiter dynamically reduces the high-frequency component of the audio signal, creating 'space' for the additional Pre-Emphasis shelving. The Pre-Emphasis Limiter is always active and prevents high-frequency overmodulation. To lessen its impact, the Pre-Emphasis Headroom should be increased. The Pre-Emphasis Limiter is based on sophisticated dynamic filter algorithms, well-known from the state-of-the-art Jünger Audio De-Esser.

It's important to note that very short transients may not be fully mitigated by the Pre-Emphasis Limiter. Nevertheless, this is a fundamental aspect and has no practical significance for FM transmission.

#### True Peak Limiter

The Maximum True Peak value cannot be manually set by the user since it is automatically calculated and set to the Ceiling Level minus the Pre-Emphasis Headroom. When there's no Pre-Emphasis Headroom, the Maximum True Peak equals the Ceiling.

#### The MPX Limiter algorithm

The most crucial component of the FM Conditioner processor is undoubtedly the MPX Limiter. Since MPX Power is a value calculated over one minute of integration time, limiting can be a highly intricate task. In theory, a 60-second look-ahead time may seem appropriate, but it's not practically feasible for a real-time processor. Therefore, the Jünger Audio MPX Limiter employs a complex prediction algorithm that adapts to the incoming signal structure. Nevertheless, the limiter reference level remains an absolute brickwall threshold and is considered inviolable. In the event of an 'emergency,' the MPX Limiter will drastically reduce the signal level to prevent any threshold violation. The MPX Limiter in the FM Conditioner can be considered the most effective MPX brickwall limiter available today.

Please be aware that the MPX Limiter Reference can, of course, be exceeded when incoming levels are high and the MPX Limiter has just been activated. According to the measurement principle, it may take up to one minute for the MPX Limiter to stabilize

The MPX Limiter Profile impacts the speed and extent of the process and, consequently, its neutrality toward incoming sound quality. When using softer settings, the system requires a buffer zone between the MPX Limiter reference and the measured MPX of the audio signal. Although this buffer zone is always very small, with harder settings, it becomes even smaller, allowing for higher MPX Power transmission. The optimal setting depends on the type and style of the program being broadcast.

### Parameters

#### General and Filtering

<div id="bkmrk-parameter---general-"><table style="width:100%;"><colgroup><col style="width:33.333%;"></col><col style="width:66.667%;"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><td>Parameter - General and Filtering

</td><td>Description

</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>FM Conditioner Enable

</td><td>Enables or disables the FM Conditioner stage.

</td></tr><tr><td>Operating Level

</td><td>Sets the operating level used by the FM conditioning process.

</td></tr><tr><td>Setup Gain

</td><td>Adjusts the setup gain before FM conditioning.

</td></tr><tr><td>Low-pass Filter Enable

</td><td>Enables or disables the low-pass filter the protects the pilote tone from interference with the audio signal.

</td></tr><tr><td>Pre-emphasis

</td><td>Selects or configures the pre-emphasis behavior.

</td></tr><tr><td>Pre-emphasis Headroom

</td><td>Sets the headroom used for pre-emphasis processing.

</td></tr><tr><td>True Peak Limiter Profile

</td><td>Selects the true peak limiter timing profile used by the FM conditioning path.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>#### MPX and Deviation

<div id="bkmrk-parameter---mpx-and-"><table style="width:100%;height:283.5px;"><colgroup><col style="width:33.333%;"></col><col style="width:66.667%;"></col></colgroup><thead><tr style="height:29.6333px;"><td style="height:29.6333px;">Parameter - MPX and Deviation

</td><td style="height:29.6333px;">Description

</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr style="height:29.6333px;"><td style="height:29.6333px;">MPX Enable

</td><td style="height:29.6333px;">Enables or disables MPX limiting.

</td></tr><tr style="height:29.6333px;"><td style="height:29.6333px;">MPX Limiter Profile

</td><td style="height:29.6333px;">Selects the MPX limiter timing profile.

</td></tr><tr style="height:29.6333px;"><td style="height:29.6333px;">MPX Reference

</td><td style="height:29.6333px;">Sets the MPX reference level.

</td></tr><tr style="height:29.6333px;"><td style="height:29.6333px;">Peak Deviation Target

</td><td style="height:29.6333px;">Sets the target peak deviation.

</td></tr><tr style="height:29.6333px;"><td style="height:29.6333px;">Pilot Deviation

</td><td style="height:29.6333px;">Sets the pilot deviation value.

</td></tr><tr style="height:29.6333px;"><td style="height:29.6333px;">RDS Deviation

</td><td style="height:29.6333px;">Sets the RDS deviation value.

</td></tr><tr style="height:29.6333px;"><td style="height:29.6333px;">SCA Deviation

</td><td style="height:29.6333px;">Sets the SCA deviation value.

</td></tr><tr style="height:46.4333px;"><td style="height:46.4333px;">Reset Max

</td><td style="height:46.4333px;">Resets maximum value tracking in the meters when applied or when a preset is loaded.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>#### Metering

[![Screen_Measurement.png](https://docs.junger.audio/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/scaled-1680-/TbUE7dx7eoneY6IO-screen-measurement-png.png)](https://docs.junger.audio/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/scaled-1680-/TbUE7dx7eoneY6IO-screen-measurement-png.png)

<div id="bkmrk-parameter---measurem"><table style="width:100%;height:300.3px;"><colgroup><col style="width:33.333%;"></col><col style="width:66.667%;"></col></colgroup><thead><tr style="height:29.6333px;"><td style="height:29.6333px;">Parameter - Measurement

</td><td style="height:29.6333px;">Description

</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr style="height:46.4333px;"><td style="height:46.4333px;">Reset Max</td><td style="height:46.4333px;">Triggers the reset of the Current Measurement cycle and writes its values in the Recent Measurement section on the right-hand side of the meters.

</td></tr><tr style="height:29.6333px;"><td style="height:29.6333px;">Reset Max on Preset Load

</td><td style="height:29.6333px;">Triggers the aforementioned reset when a preset is loaded.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>#### Related Processors

- FM Conditioner Channel Strip - Stereo

# Input Conditioner

#### Applicability

This description applies to the Mono, Stereo, Surround, and Immersive versions of the Input Conditioner module.

#### Overview

Input Conditioner is a module for basic preparation of an input signal before further processing. It provides level, mute, polarity, filter, mono, delay, and grouping controls.

#### Processing Principle

The module adjusts the incoming signal before it enters the main processing chain. It can apply per-channel and master gain, channel mute and polarity handling, high-pass and low-pass filtering, and delay. Coarse and fine delay add up to a total delay value.

### Parameters

#### Level and Channel Control

<div id="bkmrk-parameter---level-an"><table style="width:100%;"><colgroup><col style="width:33.333%;"></col><col style="width:66.667%;"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><td>Parameter - Level and Channel Control

</td><td>Description

</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Enable

</td><td>Enables or disables the Input Conditioner stage.

</td></tr><tr><td>Grouping

</td><td>Controls how channels are linked or grouped.

</td></tr><tr><td>Master Gain

</td><td>Adjusts the overall gain of the conditioned input signal for all channels. It can be used as a master fader, for example in combination with an automation system or a physical fader via a control protocol.

</td></tr><tr><td>Gain

</td><td>Adjusts the gain of an individual channel (subject to linking settings).

</td></tr><tr><td>Mute

</td><td>Mutes an individual channel (subject to linking settings).

</td></tr><tr><td>Mono

</td><td>Controls mono handling for the input path.

</td></tr><tr><td>Polarity

</td><td>Inverts or restores the polarity of an input channel.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>#### Filtering and Delay

<div id="bkmrk-parameter---filterin"><table style="width:100%;"><colgroup><col style="width:33.333%;"></col><col style="width:66.667%;"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><td>Parameter - Filtering and Delay

</td><td>Description

</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>HPF

</td><td>Controls the frequency of a high-pass filter.

</td></tr><tr><td>LPF

</td><td>Controls the frequency of a low-pass filter.

</td></tr><tr><td>Delay Coarse

</td><td>Sets the coarse input delay amount in milliseconds.

</td></tr><tr><td>Delay Fine

</td><td>Sets the fine input delay amount in samples.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>#### Related Processors

- Automixer - 5.1
- Automixer - Stereo
- FM Conditioner Channel Strip - Stereo
- Fail Over - Stereo (+Conditioner)
- Monitoring Controller - 7.1.4
- Program Processing Channel Strip - 5.1
- Program Processing Channel Strip - Stereo
- Program Processing Channel Strip - 7.1.4
- Program Processing Channel Strip - 7.1.4 (+Upmix)
- Voice Over Mixer - Stereo
- Voice Over Mixer - Surround
- Voice Processing Channel Strip - Mono
- Voice Processing Channel Strip - Stereo

# Input Leveler



# Level Magic

#### Applicability

This description applies to the Mono, Stereo, Surround, and Immersive versions of the Level Magic module.

Depending on the Processor, Level Magic may be used for a complete program path, a voice path, a downmix path, or an output processing path. In block diagrams and Processor layouts, the module may appear as Level Magic, LM, or Leveler, depending on its role in the signal chain.

#### Overview

Level Magic is a module for automatic loudness control with optional true peak limiting. It is used to keep the processed signal close to a controlled loudness target level while preserving a natural-sounding result.

The module combines long-term level control with short-term transient processing. In many Processors, it is placed near the end of the signal chain, after equalization and dynamics processing and before output conditioning or output metering. Its output signal can be considered “broadcast ready”.

#### Processing Principle

The leveler stage analyzes the input signal and applies automatic gain control to move the signal toward the configured loudness target. The amount and timing of the gain correction are controlled by the leveler settings. The transient processor controls short-term signal changes that may occur during loudness processing. It can help the module react to sudden level changes without relying only on long-term gain control.

The limiter stage controls output peaks and helps prevent the processed signal from exceeding the configured maximum true peak level.

### Parameters

#### Leveler

<div id="bkmrk-parameter---leveler-"><table style="width:100%;"><colgroup><col style="width:33.333%;"></col><col style="width:66.667%;"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><td>Parameter - Leveler

</td><td>Description

</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Enable Leveler

</td><td>Enables or disables the Level Magic loudness control stage.

</td></tr><tr><td>Input Gain

</td><td>Adjusts the signal level before loudness processing.

</td></tr><tr><td>Mode

</td><td>Selects the loudness processing mode used by the module.

</td></tr><tr><td>Processing Profile

</td><td>Selects the processing profile used for transient handling in the leveler stage.

</td></tr><tr><td>Loudness Target

</td><td>Sets the target loudness level for automatic level control.

</td></tr><tr><td>Leveler Time

</td><td>Sets the response time of the automatic leveler.

</td></tr><tr><td>Leveler Max Gain

</td><td>Limits the maximum positive gain applied by the leveler.

</td></tr><tr><td>Leveler Freeze Level

</td><td>Sets the level below which the current leveler gain can be held or frozen.

</td></tr><tr><td>Transient Processor Max Gain

</td><td>Limits the maximum gain applied by the transient processor.

</td></tr><tr><td>Transient Processor Response

</td><td>Sets the response behavior of the transient processor.

</td></tr><tr><td>AGC Recovery

</td><td>Selects how the automatic gain control recovers after gain correction.

</td></tr><tr><td>Processing Threshold

</td><td>Sets the input level threshold used to determine when loudness processing is active.

</td></tr><tr><td>Below Threshold Mode

</td><td>Controls how the module behaves when the signal is below the processing threshold.

</td></tr><tr><td>Initial Dynamic Gain

</td><td>Sets the initial dynamic gain value used when processing starts or is initialized.

</td></tr><tr><td>Clear Processing History

</td><td>Clears the internal loudness analysis history and restarts processing from the current signal state.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>#### Limiter

<div id="bkmrk-parameter---limiter-"><table style="width:100%;"><colgroup><col style="width:33.333%;"></col><col style="width:66.667%;"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><td>Parameter - Limiter

</td><td>Description

</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Limiter Enable

</td><td>Enables or disables the limiter stage.

</td></tr><tr><td>Limiter Processing Profile

</td><td>Selects the limiter processing profile.

</td></tr><tr><td>Limiter Max True Peak

</td><td>Sets the maximum true peak level for the limiter output.

</td></tr><tr><td>Limiter Low Latency Mode

</td><td>Enables or disables low-latency limiter operation.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>#### Related Processors

Level Magic is used in the following Processors:

- Automixer - Surround
- Automixer - Stereo
- FM Conditioner Channel Strip - Stereo
- Program Processing Channel Strip - Stereo
- Program Processing Channel Strip - Surround
- Program Processing Channel Strip - Immersive
- Voice Over Mixer - Stereo
- Voice Over Mixer - Surround
- Voice Processing Channel Strip - Mono
- Voice Processing Channel Strip - Stereo

# Limiter / Failsafe Limiter



# Loudness Measurement

#### Applicability

This description applies to the Stereo, Surround, and Immersive versions of the Loudness Measurement module.

#### Overview

Loudness Measurement is a module for measuring loudness and true peak values of program, monitor, or output paths. It is used for monitoring loudness distribution before or after processing stages.

#### Processing Principle

The module measures loudness over time and provides controls for running, pausing, and resetting the measurement state and its maximum values.

#### Parameters

<div id="bkmrk-parameter-descriptio"><table style="width:100%;"><colgroup><col style="width:33.333%;"></col><col style="width:66.667%;"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><td>Parameter

</td><td>Description

</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Measurement State

</td><td>Controls the current run or pause state of the loudness measurement.

</td></tr><tr><td>Run/Pause

</td><td>Sets the measurement to run or pause when applied or when a preset is loaded.

</td></tr><tr><td>Reset

</td><td>Resets the loudness measurement when applied or when a preset is loaded.

</td></tr><tr><td>Reset Max

</td><td>Resets the stored maximum loudness and peak values when applied or when a preset is loaded.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>#### Related Processors

- Automixer
- FM Conditioner Channel Strip
- MPEG-H 3D Audio Renderer
- Program Processing Channel Strip
- S-ADM Dolby Renderer
- Voice Over Mixer

# Monitoring Controller

#### Applicability

This description applies to the Monitoring Controller module in the Monitoring Controller processor.

#### Overview

The Monitoring Controller module is used for basic monitoring operation like controlling monitor volume, mute, dim and solo.

#### Processing Principle

The module applies monitor control functions to the monitoring path. It can adjust listening level, apply dim, mute or solo to selected channels or speaker groups. The module can be loaded in two configurations:

- Setup view with all parameters visible
- Operator view with only parameters visible that are necessary in daily operation

The Operator View can be uncoupled from the main windows and separately used on touch screen or mobile devices.

### Parameters

#### Volume and Dim

<div id="bkmrk-parameter---volume-a"><table style="width:100%;"><colgroup><col style="width:33.333%;"></col><col style="width:66.667%;"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><td>Parameter - Volume and Dim

</td><td>Description

</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Volume

</td><td>Sets the monitor listening level.

</td></tr><tr><td>Reference Volume

</td><td>Moves the monitor level to the reference volume when triggered or when a preset is loaded.

</td></tr><tr><td>Set Reference Volume

</td><td>Sets the monitor listening level to a reference value.

</td></tr><tr><td>Dim

</td><td>Enables or disables volume dimming.

</td></tr><tr><td>Dim Offset

</td><td>Sets the amount of level reduction applied when dim is active.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>#### Mute and Solo

<div id="bkmrk-parameter---mute-and"><table style="width:100%;"><colgroup><col style="width:33.333%;"></col><col style="width:66.667%;"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><td>Parameter - Mute and Solo

</td><td>Description

</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Mute

</td><td>Mutes selected channels.

</td></tr><tr><td>Mute All

</td><td>Mutes all monitor outputs.

</td></tr><tr><td>Mute Clear

</td><td>Clears active mute states when triggered or when a preset is loaded.

</td></tr><tr><td>Mute Middle Level Speakers

</td><td>Mutes the middle-level speaker group. This group consists of L, R, C, LSS, RSS (in 5.1) and LRS, RRS (in 7.1).

</td></tr><tr><td>Mute Top Level Speakers

</td><td>Mutes the top-level speaker group. This group consists of TFL, TFR, TRL and TRR

</td></tr><tr><td>Solo

</td><td>Solos selected channels.

</td></tr><tr><td>Solo Mode

</td><td>Selects the solo operating mode. Modes are: Solo in Place, Solo to LR and Solo to Center. Depending on the selected mode a soloed channel will be isolated (all others are muted) and either stay in place or be moved to the selected loudspeaker position.

</td></tr><tr><td>Solo Defeat

</td><td>Channels in solo defeat will not be muted if another channel is soloed. This is especially helpful for Subwoofers.

</td></tr><tr><td>Solo Clear

</td><td>Clears all active solo states when triggered or when a preset is loaded.

</td></tr><tr><td>Mono L/R

</td><td>Controls mono (L+R) monitoring for the left and right channels.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>#### Related Processors

- Monitoring Controller
- Monitoring Controller - Immersive

# MPEG-H Authoring

#### Applicability

This description applies to the MPEG-H 3D Audio Authoring module.

#### Overview

MPEG-H 3D Audio Authoring is a module for creating and modifying metadata as well as preparing audio for MPEG-H 3D Audio encoding.

#### Processing Principle

The module provides the metadata authoring stage and allows for modifying the respective audio channels and objects.

#### Parameters

#### Related Processors

- MPEG-H 3D Audio Authoring

# Output Conditioner



# Peak Meter



# Phase Rotator



# Speaker ID



# Spectral Signature



# Switch



# Upmix

#### Applicability

This description applies to the Surround (up to 5.1) and Immersive (up to 7.1.4) versions of the Auto Upmix module.

The terms Upmix and Auto Upmix are used interchangably.

#### Overview

Upmix is a module for deriving a higher-channel output format from a lower-channel or partially populated input format. It is used to create surround or immersive program paths from available source signals.

The module can also include source fail-over and surround detection behavior, depending on the Processor in which it is used.

#### Processing Principle

Upmix analyzes the selected source format and generates the configured target format. It can distribute center, surround, side surround, LFE, and height-related components according to the selected upmix mode and related balance settings.

Additional detection and fail-over parameters control how the module reacts to missing or unsuitable input signals.

### Parameters

#### Format and Mode

<div id="bkmrk-parameter---format-a"><table style="width:100%;"><colgroup> <col style="width:33.333%;"></col> <col style="width:66.667%;"></col> </colgroup><thead><tr><td>Parameter - Format and Mode

</td><td>Description

</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Source Format

</td><td>Selects the source channel format used for upmixing.

</td></tr><tr><td>Target Format

</td><td>Selects the target channel format generated by the module.

</td></tr><tr><td>Upmix Mode

</td><td>Selects the upmix processing mode.

</td></tr><tr><td>Surround Output Select

</td><td>Selects which surround output components are generated or used.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>#### Upmix Balance

<div id="bkmrk-parameter---upmix-ba"><table style="width:100%;"><colgroup><col style="width:33.333%;"></col><col style="width:66.667%;"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><td>Parameter - Upmix Balance

</td><td>Description

</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Center Gain

</td><td>Adjusts the generated or routed center channel level.

</td></tr><tr><td>Upmix Center Divergence

</td><td>Controls how center content is distributed during upmixing.

</td></tr><tr><td>Surround Gain

</td><td>Adjusts the generated surround channel level.

</td></tr><tr><td>Side Surround Gain (only version 7.1 and 7.1.4)

</td><td>Adjusts the generated side surround channel level.

</td></tr><tr><td>Vertical Balance (only version 5.1.4 and 7.1.4)

</td><td>Controls the balance between lower-layer and upper-layer components in immersive upmixing.

</td></tr><tr><td>Top Layer Crossover Frequency (only version 5.1.4 and 7.1.4)

</td><td>Sets the crossover frequency used for top-layer processing.

</td></tr><tr><td>Top Layer Crossover Direct Mix (only version 5.1.4 and 7.1.4)

</td><td>Controls direct signal mixing into the top-layer crossover path.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>#### LFE and Center Replacement

<div id="bkmrk-parameter---lfe-and-"><table style="width:100%;"><colgroup><col style="width:33.333%;"></col><col style="width:66.667%;"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><td>Parameter - LFE and Center Replacement

</td><td>Description

</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Upmix LFE Enable

</td><td>Enables or disables generated LFE processing.

</td></tr><tr><td>Upmix LFE Gain

</td><td>Adjusts the generated LFE level.

</td></tr><tr><td>Upmix LFE Cutoff

</td><td>Sets the cutoff frequency for generated LFE content.

</td></tr><tr><td>Upmix LFE Effect Gate Threshold

</td><td>Sets the threshold used for LFE effect gating.

</td></tr><tr><td>Center Replacement

</td><td>Enables or configures center replacement behavior.

</td></tr><tr><td>Center Replacement Center Divergence

</td><td>Controls how replacement center content is distributed.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>#### Detection and Fail-over

<div id="bkmrk-parameter---detectio"><table style="width:100%;"><colgroup><col style="width:33.333%;"></col><col style="width:66.667%;"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><td>Parameter - Detection and Fail-over

</td><td>Description

</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Surround Detection Channels

</td><td>Selects the channels used for surround detection.

</td></tr><tr><td>Surround Detection Threshold

</td><td>Sets the threshold for detecting surround content.

</td></tr><tr><td>Surround Detection Wait

</td><td>Sets the wait time before surround detection changes state.

</td></tr><tr><td>Fail-over Side-chain Filter

</td><td>Selects or enables filtering for fail-over detection.

</td></tr><tr><td>Fail-over Fail Threshold

</td><td>Sets the signal threshold used to detect a failure condition.

</td></tr><tr><td>Fail-over Fail Wait

</td><td>Sets how long the fail condition must persist before switching.

</td></tr><tr><td>Fail-over Fail Return

</td><td>Controls how the module returns after a failed source becomes valid again.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>#### Related Processors

- Automixer - 5.1
- Program + Spectral Processing Channel Strip - 5.1
- Program Processing Channel Strip - 7.1.4 (+Upmix)

# Mixer



# MPEG-H 3D Audio Renderer

#### Applicability

This description applies to the MPEG-H 3D Audio Renderer module.

#### Overview

MPEG-H 3D Audio Renderer is a module for rendering MPEG-H 3D Audio content according to its metadata and user input to a selected monitoring or output target.

#### Processing Principle

The module uses the selected metadata source to render the incoming audio signals. Users can select the presentation, user data and output format either for quality checking the signal or creating channel based downmixes for further processing or distribution.

### Parameters

#### Rendering and Metadata

<div id="bkmrk-parameter---renderin"><table style="width:100%;"><colgroup><col style="width:33.333%;"></col><col style="width:66.667%;"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><td>Parameter - Rendering and Metadata

</td><td>Description

</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Metadata Source

</td><td>Selects the metadata source used by the renderer.

</td></tr><tr><td>Rendering Target

</td><td>Selects the target channel layout for the rendering.

</td></tr><tr><td>DRC Effect

</td><td>Selects the dynamic range control effect used during rendering.

</td></tr><tr><td>Loudness Normalization Target

</td><td>Sets the loudness normalization target used by the renderer.

</td></tr><tr><td>Preferred Accessibility

</td><td>Selects the preferred accessibility option.

</td></tr><tr><td>Preferred Language

</td><td>Selects the preferred language option.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>#### Interactive Elements

<div id="bkmrk-parameter---interact"><table style="width:100%;"><colgroup><col style="width:33.333%;"></col><col style="width:66.667%;"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><td>Parameter - Interactivity Elements

</td><td>Description

</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>OSD Active Preset

</td><td>Selects the active OSD preset.

</td></tr><tr><td>OSD Element Azimuth

</td><td>Sets or displays the azimuth position of an OSD element.

</td></tr><tr><td>OSD Element Elevation

</td><td>Sets or displays the elevation position of an OSD element.

</td></tr><tr><td>OSD Element Gain

</td><td>Adjusts the gain of an OSD element.

</td></tr><tr><td>OSD Element Muted

</td><td>Mutes or unmutes an OSD element.

</td></tr><tr><td>OSD Switch Group Active Element

</td><td>Selects the active element in an OSD switch group.

</td></tr><tr><td>Reset Max Execution Time

</td><td>Resets maximum execution time tracking when triggered or when a preset is loaded.

</td></tr><tr><td>Reset Metadata Decoding Errors

</td><td>Resets metadata decoding error counters when triggered or when a preset is loaded.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>#### Related Processors

- MPEG-H 3D Audio Renderer