# Upmix

#### Applicability

This description applies to the Surround (up to 5.1) and Immersive (up to 7.1.4) versions of the Auto Upmix module.

The terms Upmix and Auto Upmix are used interchangably.

#### Overview

Upmix is a module for deriving a higher-channel output format from a lower-channel or partially populated input format. It is used to create surround or immersive program paths from available source signals.

The module can also include source fail-over and surround detection behavior, depending on the Processor in which it is used.

#### Processing Principle

Upmix analyzes the selected source format and generates the configured target format. It can distribute center, surround, side surround, LFE, and height-related components according to the selected upmix mode and related balance settings.

Additional detection and fail-over parameters control how the module reacts to missing or unsuitable input signals.

### Parameters

#### Format and Mode

<div id="bkmrk-parameter---format-a"><table style="width:100%;"><colgroup> <col style="width:33.333%;"></col> <col style="width:66.667%;"></col> </colgroup><thead><tr><td>Parameter - Format and Mode

</td><td>Description

</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Source Format

</td><td>Selects the source channel format used for upmixing.

</td></tr><tr><td>Target Format

</td><td>Selects the target channel format generated by the module.

</td></tr><tr><td>Upmix Mode

</td><td>Selects the upmix processing mode.

</td></tr><tr><td>Surround Output Select

</td><td>Selects which surround output components are generated or used.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>#### Upmix Balance

<div id="bkmrk-parameter---upmix-ba"><table style="width:100%;"><colgroup><col style="width:33.333%;"></col><col style="width:66.667%;"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><td>Parameter - Upmix Balance

</td><td>Description

</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Center Gain

</td><td>Adjusts the generated or routed center channel level.

</td></tr><tr><td>Upmix Center Divergence

</td><td>Controls how center content is distributed during upmixing.

</td></tr><tr><td>Surround Gain

</td><td>Adjusts the generated surround channel level.

</td></tr><tr><td>Side Surround Gain (only version 7.1 and 7.1.4)

</td><td>Adjusts the generated side surround channel level.

</td></tr><tr><td>Vertical Balance (only version 5.1.4 and 7.1.4)

</td><td>Controls the balance between lower-layer and upper-layer components in immersive upmixing.

</td></tr><tr><td>Top Layer Crossover Frequency (only version 5.1.4 and 7.1.4)

</td><td>Sets the crossover frequency used for top-layer processing.

</td></tr><tr><td>Top Layer Crossover Direct Mix (only version 5.1.4 and 7.1.4)

</td><td>Controls direct signal mixing into the top-layer crossover path.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>#### LFE and Center Replacement

<div id="bkmrk-parameter---lfe-and-"><table style="width:100%;"><colgroup><col style="width:33.333%;"></col><col style="width:66.667%;"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><td>Parameter - LFE and Center Replacement

</td><td>Description

</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Upmix LFE Enable

</td><td>Enables or disables generated LFE processing.

</td></tr><tr><td>Upmix LFE Gain

</td><td>Adjusts the generated LFE level.

</td></tr><tr><td>Upmix LFE Cutoff

</td><td>Sets the cutoff frequency for generated LFE content.

</td></tr><tr><td>Upmix LFE Effect Gate Threshold

</td><td>Sets the threshold used for LFE effect gating.

</td></tr><tr><td>Center Replacement

</td><td>Enables or configures center replacement behavior.

</td></tr><tr><td>Center Replacement Center Divergence

</td><td>Controls how replacement center content is distributed.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>#### Detection and Fail-over

<div id="bkmrk-parameter---detectio"><table style="width:100%;"><colgroup><col style="width:33.333%;"></col><col style="width:66.667%;"></col></colgroup><thead><tr><td>Parameter - Detection and Fail-over

</td><td>Description

</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Surround Detection Channels

</td><td>Selects the channels used for surround detection.

</td></tr><tr><td>Surround Detection Threshold

</td><td>Sets the threshold for detecting surround content.

</td></tr><tr><td>Surround Detection Wait

</td><td>Sets the wait time before surround detection changes state.

</td></tr><tr><td>Fail-over Side-chain Filter

</td><td>Selects or enables filtering for fail-over detection.

</td></tr><tr><td>Fail-over Fail Threshold

</td><td>Sets the signal threshold used to detect a failure condition.

</td></tr><tr><td>Fail-over Fail Wait

</td><td>Sets how long the fail condition must persist before switching.

</td></tr><tr><td>Fail-over Fail Return

</td><td>Controls how the module returns after a failed source becomes valid again.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>#### Related Processors

- Automixer - 5.1
- Program + Spectral Processing Channel Strip - 5.1
- Program Processing Channel Strip - 7.1.4 (+Upmix)